B.S., Centre College of Kentucky,1978.
Ph.D., University of Florida, 1983.
National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1983-85.
Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 1985-91.
Associate Professor of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 1991.
Associate Professor of Chemistry, Villanova University, 1991-97.
Professor of Chemistry, Villanova University,1997-98.

At Drexel since September 1998.

Editorial boards

The Analyst, 1991 - 2000
Journal of Microcolumn Separations, 1991 - 2001
Analytical Communications, 1996 - 1999

Research interests

Pressure- or voltage-driven analytical separations, including chiral separations
Capillary electrophoresis and electrochromatography
Electrokinetic chromatography with micelles, microemulsions, vesicles and liposomes
Liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography; supercritical fluid extractions
Unified separation theory for all separation techniques (above)

Within each of the above categories (as appropriate), our research group is interested in the following: novel separation media; separation and/or retention mechanisms; linear free energy and solvatochromic relationships; quantitative structure retention relationships/QSAR; secondary chemical equilibria, especially organized media (micelles, microemulsions, vesicles, etc.); physicochemical measurements; biological partition processes; biomedical and pharmaceutical applications; and peak shape analysis/chromatographic figures of merit.

Currently, one of the most exciting areas for our group involves the use of thermodynamically stable, unilamellar vesicles in capillary electrophoresis/electrokinetic chromatography. The vesicles we utilize, formed by mixing the appropriate ratio of aqueous, buffered solutions of single-tailed, oppositely charged surfactants, are vastly superior to many other types of pseudostationary phases (micelles, cyclodextrins, cascade polymers and starburst dendrimers, multilamellar liposomes, etc.) in terms of the separation window (elution range), selectivity, efficiency (no. of theoretical plates), and overall resolution that the vesicles provide. The tuning of selectivity simply by varying the chemical composition of the vesicles is an area we are actively exploring. Equally as important, the bilayer structure of vesicles closely resembles that of cell membranes, thus making vesicles an ideal system with which to study biological partitioning processes. We have already shown that vesicles are a considerably better predictor of octanol-water partitioning and similar processes than SDS micelles or other pseudostationary phases, and are looking to prove these advantages for other partitioning processes.

Selected Publications by Category

Capillary Electrophoresis and Electrokinetic Chromatography

High Performance and Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography

Chromatographic Figures of Merit

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Extraction

Tutorials and Critical Reviews

Environmental/Natural Products

Capillary Electrophoresis and Electrokinetic Chromatography

Mertzman, M. D.; Foley, J. P.  Temperature Effects on Chiral Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography Employing the Chiral Surfactant Dodecoxycarbonylvaline.  J. Chromatogr. A, 2004, in press.

Mertzman, M. D.; Foley, J. P. The Effect of Surfactant Concentration and Buffer Selection on Chromatographic Figures of Merit in Chiral Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography.  Electrophoresis, 2004, 25, in press.

Mertzman, M. D.; Foley, J. P.  Chiral Cyclodextrin-Modified Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography.  Electrophoresis, 2004, 25, 1188-1200.

Mertzman, M. D.; Foley, J. P. Effect of Oil Substitution in Chiral Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography. Electrophoresis, 2004, 25, 723-732.

Zhou, M.; Foley, J. P. Dual Opposite Injection Electrokinetic Chromatography: Nonionic Microemulsion Pseudostationary Phase and Novel Approach to Electrokinetic Sampling Bias. Electrophoresis, 2004, 25, 653-663.

Pascoe, R. J.; Foley, J. P. Comparison of Synthetic Surfactant Vesicles and Biological Liposomes as Pseudostationary Phases in Electrokinetic Chromatography. Electrophoresis, 2003, 24, 4227-4240.

Lucas, C.; Foley, J.P.; Ahuja, E.S. Analysis of Glycopeptide Antibiotics using Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography and Borate Complexation. Biomed. Chromatogr. 2003, 17,172-181.

 Pascoe, R.;  Foley, J.P.  Rapid Separation of Pharmaceutical Enantiomers Using Electrokinetic Chromatography With a Novel Chiral Microemulsion. The Analyst, 2002, 127, 710-714.

Pascoe, R.;  Foley, J.P.  Effect of Class I and II Organic Modifiers on Selectivity and Retention in Vesicle Electrokinetic Chromatography. Electrophoresis, 2002, 23, 1618-1627.

Klotz, W. L.;  Schure,M.R.; Foley, J.P.  Rapid Estimation of Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients Using Synthesized Vesicles in Electrokinetic Chromatography.J. Chromatogr. A, 2002, 962, 207-219. 

Klotz, W. L.; Schure, M. R.; Foley, J. P. Determination of Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients of Pesticides by Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2001, 930, 145-154.

Lucas, C.; Gliddon, M.; Safarpour, M.; Cardaciotto, S.; Ahuja, E. S.; Foley, J. P. Determination of Avoparcin in Animal Formulations by Capillary Electrophoresis. J. Cap. Electrophoresis 1999, 6, 75-83 (published in April 2001).

Durkin, D. P.; Foley, J. P. Dual-Opposite Injection Electrokinetic Chromatography for the Unbiased, Simultaneous Separation of Cationic and Anionic Compounds. Electrophoresis 2000, 21, 1997-2009.

Pascoe, R. J.; Peterson, A. G.; Foley, J. P. Investigations of the Chiral Surfactant N-dodecoxycarbonylvaline in Electrokinetic Chromatography: Improvements in Elution Range and pH Stability via Mixed Micelles and Vesicles, and the Hydrophobicity Determination of Basic Pharmaceutical Drugs. Electrophoresis 2000, 21, 2033-2042.

Hong, M.; Weekley, B. S.; Grieb, S. J.; Foley, J. P. Electrokinetic Chromatography Using Thermodynamically-Stable Vesicles and Mixed Micelles Formed from Oppositely Charged Surfactants. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 1394-1403.

Lewis, R. E.; Ahuja, E. S.; Foley, J. P. Ion Analysis by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Indirect Detection: Applications in the Nuclear Power Industry. Analyst 1998, 123, 1465-1469.

Nielsen, K. R.; Foley, J. P. "Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography," In Capillary Electrophoresis - Theory and Practice; Camilleri, P., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 1998, pp 135-182.

Harrell, C. W.; Dey, J.; Shamsi, S. A.; Foley, J. P.; Warner, I. M. Enhanced Separation of Antidressants Drugs Using a Polymeric Surfactant as a Transient Capillary Coating. Electrophoresis 1998, 19, 712-718.

Masucci, J. A.; Caldwell, G. W.; Foley, J. P. A Comparison of the Retention Behavior of B-Blockers Using Immobilized Artificial Membrane Chromatography and Lysophospholipid Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 1998, 810, 95-103.

Peterson, A. G.; Foley, J. P. Influence of the Inorganic Counterion on the Thermodynamic Quantities of Micellar Solubilization of Chiral Pharmaceutical Compounds in Aqueous Solutions of N-Dodecoxycarbonylvaline using Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. J. Microcol. Sep. 1998, 10, 633-645.

Roddy, T. P.; Molnar, T. E.; McKean, R. E.; Foley, J. P. A Method of Analysis of Recombinant Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor (aFGF) by Capillary Electrophoresis. J. Chromatogr. B 1997, 695, 49-58.

Peterson, A. G.; Foley, J. P. Influence of the Inorganic Counterion on the Chiral Micellar Electrokinetic Separation of Basic Drugs Using the Surfactant N-dodecoxycarbonylvaline. J. Chromatogr. B 1997, 695, 131-145.

Peterson, A. G.; Ahuja, E. S.; Foley, J. P. Enantiomeric Separations of Basic Pharmaceutical Drugs by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography Using a Chiral Surfactant, N-Dodecoxycarbonylvaline. J. Chromatogr. B 1996, 683, 15-28.

Peterson, A. G.; Foley, J. P. Determining Thermodynamic Quantities of Micellar Solubilization of Chiral Pharmaceutical Compounds in Aqueous Solutions of N-Dodecoxycarbonylvaline Using Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. J. Microcol. Sep. 1996, 8, 427-437.

Foley, J. P.; Ahuja, E. S. "Electrokinetic Chromatography," In Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis; Lunte, S. M., Radzik, D. M., Eds.; Pergamon Press: Tarrytown, New York, 1996; Vol. 2, pp 81-178.

Ahuja, E. S.; Little, E. L.; Nielsen, K. R.; Foley, J. P. Infinite Elution Range in Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography Using a Nonionic/Anionic Mixed Micellar System. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 26-33.

Ahuja, E. S.; Foley, J. P. Influence of dodecyl sulfate counterion on efficiency, selectivity, retention, elution range, and resolution in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 2315-2324.

Ahuja, E. S.; Foley, J. P. A Retention Index for Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. Analyst 1994, 119, 353-360.

Ahuja, E. S.; Foley, J. P. Separation of Very Hydrophobic Compounds by Hydrophobic Interaction Electrokinetic Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 1994, 680, 73-83.

Nielsen, K. R.; Foley, J. P. Zone sharpening of neutral solutes in micellar electrokinetic chromatography with electrokinetic injection. J. Chromatogr. A 1994, 686, 283-291.

Ahuja, E. S.; Preston, B. P.; Foley, J. P. Anionic/Zwitterionic Mixed Micelles in Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography: Sodium dodecyl sulfate / N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylammonium-3-propane-1-sulfonic acid. J. Chromatogr. B 1994, 657, 271-284.

Nielsen, K. R.; Foley, J. P. Effect of the Dodecyl Counter Ion on Selectivity and Resolution in Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography: II. Organic Counterions. J. Microcol. Separ. 1994, 6, 139-149.

Nielsen, K. R.; Foley, J. P. "Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography," In Capillary Electrophoresis - Theory and Practice; Camilleri, P., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 1993, pp 117-161.

Nielsen, K. R.; Foley, J. P. Effect of the Dodecyl Counter Ion on Selectivity and Resolution in Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography: SDS vs. Mg(DS)2. J. Microcol. Separ. 1993, 5, 347-360.

Ahuja, E. S.; Little, E. L.; Foley, J. P. Selected Organic Solvents as Electroosmotic Velocity Markers in Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 1992, 15, 1099-1113.

Little, E. L.; Foley, J. P. Optimization of the Resolution of PTH-Amino Acids Through Control of Surfactant Concentration in Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography. J. Microcol. Separ. 1992, 4, 145-154.

Foley, J. P. Optimization of Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 1302-1308.

Ghowsi, K.; Foley, J. P.; Gale, R. J. Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography Theory Based on Electrochemical Parameters: Optimization for Three Modes of Operation. Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 2714-2721.

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High Performance and Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography

Thomas, D. P.; Foley, J. P.  Stationary Phase Effects on Efficiency in Micellar Liquid Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A.  2004, in press.

McCormick, T. J.; Foley, J. P.; Lloyd, D.K. Chromatographic Performance of Large-Pore Versus Small-Pore Columns in Micellar Liquid Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B. 2003, 785, 1-20.

Pascoe, R. J.; Foley, J. P.; Gusev, A. I. Reduction in Matrix-Related Signal Suppression Effects in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) Using On-Line Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73,6014-6023.

McCormick, T. J.; Foley, J. P.; Lloyd, D.; Riley, C. M. The Effect of Stationary Phase Pore Size on Retention in Micellar Liquid Chromatography. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 294-301.

Murphy, R. E.; Schure, M. R.; Foley, J. P. Effect of Sampling Rate on Resolution in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 1585-1594.

Murphy, R. E.; Schure, M. R.; Foley, J. P. One and Two-Dimensional Analysis of Alcohol Ethoxylates. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 4353-4360.

Murphy, R. E.; Schure, M. R.; Foley, J. P. Quantitative Analysis of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate/Butyl Acrylate) Copolymer Composition by Liquid Chromatography-Particle Beam-Mass Spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1998, 824, 181-194.

Arenas, R. V.; Foley, J. P. Selectivity of Polymer-Coated Unisphere Aluminas for Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography: I. Methylene Group Selectivity. Analyst 1994, 119, 1303-1314.

Little, E. L.; Jeansonne, M. S.; Foley, J. P. Sequential Multimodal Elution for Pseudomultidimensional Liquid Chromatography on a Single Column. Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 33-44.

Arenas, R. V.; Foley, J. P. Solvent Strength, Selectivity, and Retention Mechanism Studies of Polybutadiene-Coated Alumina Columns in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Anal. Chim. Acta 1991, 246, 113-130.

Foley, J. P. Resolution Equations for Column Chromatography. Analyst 1991, 116, 1275-1279.

Foley, J. P. Critical Compilation of Solute-Micelle Binding Constants and Related Parameters from Micellar Liquid Chromatographic Measurements. Anal. Chim. Acta 1990, 231, 237-247.

Foley, J. P.; Crow, J. A.; Thomas, B. A.; Zamora, M. Unavoidable Flow Rate Errors in High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 1989, 478, 287-309.

Foley, J. P. Separation of m-Cresol and p-Cresol and Other Methylated Phenols in Shale Oil by Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection. J. Chromatogr. 1988, 441, 347-354.

Foley, J. P.; May, W. E. Optimization of Secondary Chemical Equilibria in Liquid Chromatography: Theory and Verification. Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 102-109.

Foley, J. P.; May, W. E. Optimization of Secondary Chemical Equilibria in Liquid Chromatography: Variables Influencing the Self-Selectivity, Retention, and Efficiency. Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 110-116.

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Chromatographic Figures of Merit

Jeansonne, M. S.; Foley, J. P. Improved Equations for Calculation of Chromatographic Figures of Merit for Ideal and Skewed Peaks. J. Chromatogr. 1992, 594, 1-8.

Jeansonne, M. S.; Foley, J. P. Review of the Exponentially Modified Gaussian Chromatographic Peak Model Since 1983. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 1991, 29, 258-266.

Jeansonne, M. S.; Foley, J. P. Measurement of Statistical Moments of Resolved and Overlapping Chromatographic Peaks. J. Chromatogr. 1989, 461, 149-163.

Foley, J. P. Equations for Chromatographic Peak Modeling and Calculation of Peak Area. Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 1984-1987.

Foley, J. P. Systematic Errors in the Measurement of Peak Area and Peak Height for Overlapping Peaks. J. Chromatogr. 1987, 384, 301-313.

Foley, J. P.; Dorsey, J. G. Clarification of the Limit of Detection in Chromatography. Chromatographia 1984, 18, 503-511.

Foley, J. P.; Dorsey, J. G. A Review of the Exponentially Modified Gaussian (EMG) Function: Evaluation and Subsequent Calculation of Universal Data. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 1984, 22, 40-46.

Foley, J. P.; Dorsey, J. G. Equations for Calculation of Chromatographic Figures of Merit for Ideal and Skewed Peaks. Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 730-737.

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Extraction

Foley, J. P.; Crow, J. A. "Systematic Multiparameter Strategies for Optimizing Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Separations," In Supercritical Fluid Technology: Theoretical and Applied Approaches in Analytical Chemistry; Bright, F. V., McNally, M. E. P., Eds.; American Chemical Society: Washington, D. C., 1992; Vol. 488, pp 304-335.

Crow, J. A.; Foley, J. P. Formic Acid Modified Carbon Dioxide as a Mobile Phase in Capillary Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. J. Microcol. Separ. 1991, 3, 47-57.

Foley, J. P.; Crow, J. A. "Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for the Analysis of Natural Products," In Modern Phytochemical Methods; Fischer, N. H., Isman, M. B., Stafford, H. A., Eds.; Plenum Press: New York, 1991; Vol. 25, pp 113-147.

Crow, J. A.; Foley, J. P. Optimization of Separations in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Using a Modified Simplex Algorithm and Short Capillary Columns. Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 378-387.

Crow, J. A.; Foley, J. P. Optimization of Separations Using Short Capillary Columns in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. HRC-J. High Resolution Chromatogr. 1989, 9, 467-470.

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Environmental/Natural Products

Payne, L. D.; Foley, J. P. "The Presence of Dihydroerythroidines in the Milk of Goats Fed Erythrina Poeppigiana and E. Berteroana Foliage," In Analysis of Antibiotic/Drug Residues in Food Products of Animal Origin; Agarwal, V. K., Ed.; Plenum Press: New York, 1992, pp 211-223.

Payne, L. D.; Foley, J. P. "Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry of Erythrina Alkaloids from the Foliage of Genetic Clones of Three Erythrina Species," In Chromatography and Pharmaceutical Analysis; Ahuja, S., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, D.C., 1992; Vol. 512, pp 85-99.

Tutorials and Critical Reviews

Dorsey, J. G.; Cooper, W. T.; Siles, B. A.; Foley, J. P.; Barth, H. G. Liquid Chromatography: Theory and Methodology. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 591R-644R.

Dorsey, J. G.; Cooper, W. T.; Siles, B. A.; Foley, J. P.; Barth, H. G. Liquid Chromatography: Theory and Methodology. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 515R-568R.

Arenas, R. V.; Foley, J. P. Polymer-Coated Alumina Columns in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Amer. Lab. 1994, 26, 32CC-32JJ.

Dorsey, J. G.; Cooper, W. T.; Wheeler, J. T.; Barth, H. G.; Foley, J. P. Liquid Chromatography: Theory and Methodology. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 500R-546R.

Dorsey, J. G.; Foley, J. P.; Cooper, W. T.; Barford, R. A.; Barth, H. G. Liquid Chromatography: Theory and Methodology. Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 353R-389R.

Dorsey, J. G.; Foley, J. P.; Cooper, W. T.; Barford, R. A.; Barth, H. G. Liquid Chromatography: Theory and Methodology. Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 324R-356R.

Foley, J. P. The Role of Secondary Chemical Equilibria in Modern Liquid Chromatography. Chromatography Forum 1987, 2, 43-52.

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